Explore the five dimensions

The Rimer Institution

Women as Architects of the International Order

Institutional decisions shape services, resources, and everyday life. Explore who holds the authority to make them.

Explore the five dimensions
Realistic ivory limestone pillars with restrained gold accents framing a sunlit institutional courtyardDecision-Making Authority
Governance Legitimacy
Institutional Architecture

Explore decision-making authority

Who actually designs the rules?

Explore an AI decision, or choose an area of work. Then follow the decision through the five dimensions of authority.

Illustration of a woman chairing a mixed-gender institutional meeting, directing discussion of a governance plan
People behind the decisions

Look beyond the technology to the people authorized to decide how it is used.

A public agency is considering AI to help review applications for public services.

Dimension 1 of 5

Agenda-Setting Capacity

The ability to determine what is discussed.

Fictional scenario · Artificial intelligence

A woman on the governing board has the right to place the proposed AI use and access to human review on the formal agenda. She can require discussion of what happens when an application is incorrectly flagged.

Understand the authority

Authority begins before a decision is made, with the power to determine which matters receive formal consideration.

Symbolic representation

Numerical presence

Decision-making authority

The ability to place a matter on the agenda.

Examine the relevant records

Board agenda rules, proposal rights, and minutes recording consideration of AI use and human review.

Read the framework definitions ↗
Section III · Foundational framework
Read all definitions and examples

These fictional scenarios explain authority. They are not case studies, validated assessments, or evidence of governance outcomes.

Artificial intelligence

A public agency is considering AI to help review applications for public services.

Agenda-Setting Capacity

The ability to determine what is discussed.

Authority begins before a decision is made, with the power to determine which matters receive formal consideration.

Symbolic representation
Numerical presence
Decision-making authority
The ability to place a matter on the agenda.
Fictional scenario

A woman on the governing board has the right to place the proposed AI use and access to human review on the formal agenda. She can require discussion of what happens when an application is incorrectly flagged.

Relevant records

Board agenda rules, proposal rights, and minutes recording consideration of AI use and human review.

Negotiation Access

The authority to shape agreement terms.

Negotiation Access concerns the ability to shape the terms while an agreement is being developed.

Symbolic representation
Consultative role
Decision-making authority
Standing to negotiate the terms of an agreement.
Fictional scenario

A woman holds a mandate to negotiate the AI supplier agreement. She can propose and negotiate terms for access to system records and correction of errors before the agency signs. Those terms affect how an applicant’s disputed result can be investigated.

Relevant records

Negotiating mandates, supplier contract drafts, and revision records covering audit access and error correction.

Design Authority

The power to shape institutional architecture.

Design Authority concerns who can shape the rules, roles, and procedures through which an institution governs.

Symbolic representation
Quota compliance
Decision-making authority
Power to shape the institution’s governing rules.
Fictional scenario

Women have authority to draft and amend the agency’s AI governance rules, including who approves deployment, who can suspend use, and how applicants request human review. This concerns the rules governing the system, beyond the technical design of the model.

Relevant records

AI governance rules, drafting and amendment mandates, deployment approval procedures, and human-review procedures.

Implementation Authority

The ability to govern execution.

Implementation Authority concerns who has authority to put a decision into practice and direct its execution.

Symbolic representation
Visibility
Decision-making authority
Authority to govern how a decision is carried out.
Fictional scenario

A woman directs the approved AI rollout and its resources. She can assign staff to review disputed results and pause deployment when agreed conditions are unmet. Her mandate concerns how the service actually operates for applicants.

Relevant records

Delegated rollout responsibilities, staffing and budget authorizations, and suspension powers.

Oversight Standing

The capacity to hold institutions accountable.

Oversight Standing concerns who can examine institutional action and hold those exercising authority accountable.

Symbolic representation
Nominal standing
Decision-making authority
Capacity to scrutinize decisions and require accountability.
Fictional scenario

A woman on the oversight body can obtain AI decision records, require explanations from responsible officials, and require corrective action within her mandate. An applicant’s complaint can trigger scrutiny of both the system and the people accountable for its use.

Relevant records

Oversight mandates, access rights to system and decision records, complaint procedures, and corrective-action powers.

Healthcare

A hospital is redesigning access to outpatient appointments.

Agenda-Setting Capacity

The ability to determine what is discussed.

Authority begins before a decision is made, with the power to determine which matters receive formal consideration.

Symbolic representation
Numerical presence
Decision-making authority
The ability to place a matter on the agenda.
Fictional scenario

A woman on the hospital board can place long appointment waits on its formal agenda. She determines whether delays faced by patients receive consideration.

Relevant records

Board agenda rules and proposal records concerning appointment access.

Negotiation Access

The authority to shape agreement terms.

Negotiation Access concerns the ability to shape the terms while an agreement is being developed.

Symbolic representation
Consultative role
Decision-making authority
Standing to negotiate the terms of an agreement.
Fictional scenario

A woman is authorized to negotiate the new appointment-service agreement, including opening hours and staffing commitments. These terms affect when patients can attend.

Relevant records

Negotiating mandates and draft service and staffing agreements.

Design Authority

The power to shape institutional architecture.

Design Authority concerns who can shape the rules, roles, and procedures through which an institution governs.

Symbolic representation
Quota compliance
Decision-making authority
Power to shape the institution’s governing rules.
Fictional scenario

Women can draft and amend the rules assigning responsibility for appointment access and complaints. They shape who approves changes and who must respond when a patient cannot obtain an appointment.

Relevant records

Rule-making mandates, approval procedures, and complaint responsibilities.

Implementation Authority

The ability to govern execution.

Implementation Authority concerns who has authority to put a decision into practice and direct its execution.

Symbolic representation
Visibility
Decision-making authority
Authority to govern how a decision is carried out.
Fictional scenario

A woman directs the budget and staffing for the agreed appointment service. She governs the work needed to put the approved schedule into operation.

Relevant records

Budget authorizations, staffing mandates, and execution plans.

Oversight Standing

The capacity to hold institutions accountable.

Oversight Standing concerns who can examine institutional action and hold those exercising authority accountable.

Symbolic representation
Nominal standing
Decision-making authority
Capacity to scrutinize decisions and require accountability.
Fictional scenario

A woman with oversight authority can examine waiting-time records and require hospital managers to account for missed commitments. Patients’ reports can enter an authorized review.

Relevant records

Review mandates, access to appointment records, and accountability procedures.

Education

A school district is revising access to after-school learning.

Agenda-Setting Capacity

The ability to determine what is discussed.

Authority begins before a decision is made, with the power to determine which matters receive formal consideration.

Symbolic representation
Numerical presence
Decision-making authority
The ability to place a matter on the agenda.
Fictional scenario

A woman on the district board can place after-school access on the formal agenda. Families’ difficulty arranging learning and care after school can receive consideration.

Relevant records

District agenda rules, proposal rights, and meeting records.

Negotiation Access

The authority to shape agreement terms.

Negotiation Access concerns the ability to shape the terms while an agreement is being developed.

Symbolic representation
Consultative role
Decision-making authority
Standing to negotiate the terms of an agreement.
Fictional scenario

A woman has standing to negotiate program hours, charges, and transport terms with providers. These terms affect which families can use the program.

Relevant records

Negotiating mandates and draft provider agreements.

Design Authority

The power to shape institutional architecture.

Design Authority concerns who can shape the rules, roles, and procedures through which an institution governs.

Symbolic representation
Quota compliance
Decision-making authority
Power to shape the institution’s governing rules.
Fictional scenario

Women can draft and amend the rules for program approval, allocation of places, and appeals. They shape who decides and how families can challenge a decision.

Relevant records

Drafting mandates, allocation rules, and appeal procedures.

Implementation Authority

The ability to govern execution.

Implementation Authority concerns who has authority to put a decision into practice and direct its execution.

Symbolic representation
Visibility
Decision-making authority
Authority to govern how a decision is carried out.
Fictional scenario

A woman directs the approved program budget, staffing, and launch. She governs the resources needed for students to attend.

Relevant records

Program budgets, staffing authorizations, and delegated responsibilities.

Oversight Standing

The capacity to hold institutions accountable.

Oversight Standing concerns who can examine institutional action and hold those exercising authority accountable.

Symbolic representation
Nominal standing
Decision-making authority
Capacity to scrutinize decisions and require accountability.
Fictional scenario

A woman on the oversight body can obtain attendance and allocation records and require officials to explain failures to deliver the agreed program. Families’ complaints can enter a formal review.

Relevant records

Oversight mandates, program records, and complaint-review procedures.

Workplace governance

An employer is changing how shifts are scheduled.

Agenda-Setting Capacity

The ability to determine what is discussed.

Authority begins before a decision is made, with the power to determine which matters receive formal consideration.

Symbolic representation
Numerical presence
Decision-making authority
The ability to place a matter on the agenda.
Fictional scenario

A woman on the governing committee can place unpredictable shifts on the decision agenda. Workers’ difficulty arranging childcare or study can receive formal consideration.

Relevant records

Committee agenda rules, proposal rights, and meeting minutes.

Negotiation Access

The authority to shape agreement terms.

Negotiation Access concerns the ability to shape the terms while an agreement is being developed.

Symbolic representation
Consultative role
Decision-making authority
Standing to negotiate the terms of an agreement.
Fictional scenario

A woman has a mandate to negotiate shift notice periods and schedule-change terms. Those terms affect how much notice workers receive before their hours change.

Relevant records

Negotiating mandates and draft scheduling agreements.

Design Authority

The power to shape institutional architecture.

Design Authority concerns who can shape the rules, roles, and procedures through which an institution governs.

Symbolic representation
Quota compliance
Decision-making authority
Power to shape the institution’s governing rules.
Fictional scenario

Women can draft and amend the rules assigning scheduling authority and handling disputed changes. They shape who approves exceptions and how workers can challenge them.

Relevant records

Policy drafting rights, approval rules, and dispute procedures.

Implementation Authority

The ability to govern execution.

Implementation Authority concerns who has authority to put a decision into practice and direct its execution.

Symbolic representation
Visibility
Decision-making authority
Authority to govern how a decision is carried out.
Fictional scenario

A woman directs the staffing and resources required to put the agreed scheduling policy into practice. She governs its execution across teams.

Relevant records

Delegated management responsibilities and staffing authorizations.

Oversight Standing

The capacity to hold institutions accountable.

Oversight Standing concerns who can examine institutional action and hold those exercising authority accountable.

Symbolic representation
Nominal standing
Decision-making authority
Capacity to scrutinize decisions and require accountability.
Fictional scenario

A woman with oversight standing can inspect scheduling records and require managers to account for departures from the agreement. Workers’ complaints can be investigated through an authorized process.

Relevant records

Review mandates, scheduling records, and corrective-action procedures.

Local government

A council is considering changes to local transport.

Agenda-Setting Capacity

The ability to determine what is discussed.

Authority begins before a decision is made, with the power to determine which matters receive formal consideration.

Symbolic representation
Numerical presence
Decision-making authority
The ability to place a matter on the agenda.
Fictional scenario

In this illustrative example, a council is considering local transport. A woman on the council can place evening service on the agenda for formal consideration. That is Agenda-Setting Capacity: determining whether a service used by people returning from work or study is discussed.

Relevant records

Agenda rules, proposal rights, and meeting records.

Negotiation Access

The authority to shape agreement terms.

Negotiation Access concerns the ability to shape the terms while an agreement is being developed.

Symbolic representation
Consultative role
Decision-making authority
Standing to negotiate the terms of an agreement.
Fictional scenario

In the same illustrative example, a woman has standing to negotiate the proposed transport agreement. She can seek revisions to service hours and fares before the terms are finalized. Those terms determine when residents can travel and what they pay.

Relevant records

Negotiating mandates, draft agreements, and records of proposed revisions.

Design Authority

The power to shape institutional architecture.

Design Authority concerns who can shape the rules, roles, and procedures through which an institution governs.

Symbolic representation
Quota compliance
Decision-making authority
Power to shape the institution’s governing rules.
Fictional scenario

In the same illustrative example, women hold authority to draft and amend the rules for transport decisions. Those rules determine how service changes are approved and how residents can challenge them.

Relevant records

Drafting mandates, amendment procedures, and governing documents.

Implementation Authority

The ability to govern execution.

Implementation Authority concerns who has authority to put a decision into practice and direct its execution.

Symbolic representation
Visibility
Decision-making authority
Authority to govern how a decision is carried out.
Fictional scenario

In the same illustrative example, a woman has authority to direct the resources and work needed to put the agreed transport service into operation. Implementation Authority concerns execution of the service residents are waiting to use.

Relevant records

Execution mandates, delegated responsibilities, and resource authorizations.

Oversight Standing

The capacity to hold institutions accountable.

Oversight Standing concerns who can examine institutional action and hold those exercising authority accountable.

Symbolic representation
Nominal standing
Decision-making authority
Capacity to scrutinize decisions and require accountability.
Fictional scenario

In the same illustrative example, a woman has standing to examine service records and require officials to account for missed commitments. Residents’ reports of cancelled services can then be examined through an authorized review.

Relevant records

Review mandates, access to records, and accountability procedures.

Based on Section III of the foundational framework.Read the definitions in context ↗

All scenarios are fictional illustrations of the five dimensions. They are not case studies or validated assessments and do not demonstrate governance outcomes.

Why this question matters now

The ceiling is rising. But is the floor secure?

Documented progress

Women have made measurable gains in political and institutional life. Over the past five years, 99 discriminatory laws have been reformed.

Documented pressure

1 in 4 countries reported backlash against women's rights in 2024
US$1.18B in funding associated with 275 actors involved in anti-gender initiatives in Europe between 2019 and 2023
Nearly one in four countries: UN Women, data from 159 government reports (2025) · US$1.18 billion: EPF analysis, "The Next Wave" (June 2025)

The progress is real. So is the pressure.

Has women's decision-making authority been built deeply enough into institutions to endure when political conditions change?

Explore the research

The founding framework

Authority shapes
what gets decided.

The Institution argues that women’s decision-making authority is a structural condition of legitimate governance. The framework develops the argument and sets out the limits of the available evidence.

Foundational governance framework · August 2026

Women as Architects of the International Order

Women’s Decision-Making Authority as a Structural Condition of Legitimate Governance

Governance Case Review

Research in practice

Explore Our Work

The Institution

Our mission and method

Published research, public understanding, and the formation of future women architects guide the Institution’s work.